政治经济学季刊

本文对借助于投入产出表的劳动价值论经验研究进行了比较系统、完整的梳理和分析,旨在从逻辑上基本形成一个闭环,以深化和丰富劳动价值论经验研究。马克思劳动价值论中定义的价值量——社会必要劳动时间是“第一种含义”和“第二种含义”的统一体,“第二种含义”的社会必要劳动时间必须通过实现社会再生产才能够成立,所以劳动价值论经验研究必须与实现社会再生产相贯通才具有完备性。劳动价值论经验研究,不能绕过马克思社会再生产理论在实现两大部类社会再生产情境下的生产资料、消费资料产品价值构成的理论与经验研究。借助于投入产出表的劳动价值论经验研究,需要而且也可以将生产资料、消费资料两大类商品在外延上拓展到包括服务商品,并且应当是面向现实中有固定资本占用和折旧的社会再生产。在价值体系、价格体系下实现社会再生产,都会使社会再生产具有“生产性”,因此如果遵循“剩余价值总量等于利润总量”的假定,可以得出“生产资料、消费资料单位商品的价格等于其价值”这样一个商品的价值与价格之间的理论关系。将联合生产的概念引入利用价值型投入产出表推算生产资料、消费资料产品的价格构成的过程中,把各产业部门的投入占用产出,都作为生产生产资料、消费资料两类“纯产品”的投入占用产出。这种做法可以视为与运用间接推导法——UV表法编制投入产出表相对应,分别使用部门技术假定、产品技术假定,对各产业部门产出的广义投入(即价格构成)进行某种线性变换,将其转化成为生产资料、消费资料两类“纯产品”的价格构成。鉴于可以得出“生产资料、消费资料单位商品的价格等于其价值”的结论,因而借助于投入产出表在两种技术假定下所获得的生产资料、消费资料产品价格构成的不同推算结果,都可以作为劳动价值论经验研究结果。

For the empirical research on the theory of labor value using inputoutput tables,this paper conducts a relatively systematic and comprehensive study,aiming to basically form a logicalclosed loop so as to deepen and enrich the empirical research on the theory.The value magnitude defined in Marx' s theory of labor value—the socially necessary labor time is a unity of the "first meaning" and the "second meaning".The socially necessary labor time of the "second meaning" can only be established through the realization of social reproduction.Therefore,the empirical research on the theory of labor value must be integrated with the realization of social reproduction to be complete.Such empirical research cannot bypass Marx' s social reproduction theory on the composition of the product value of the means of production and the means of consumption in the context of realizing the social reproduction with two major categories.Such empirical research by use of the input-output table is necessary and possible to expand the scope of the two major categories of goods,namely means of production and means of consumption,to include service goods,and it should be in the face of social reproduction with fixed capital occupation and depreciation in reality.Under the value system and the price system,the realization of social reproduction will make social reproduction " productive".Therefore,if the assumption that "the total amount of surplus value is equal to the total amount of profit" is followed,a theoretical relationship between the value and price of two commodities of means of production and means of consumption is obtained,which is namely "the price of a unit commodity of means of production and means of consumption is equal to its value".The paper introduces the concept of joint production and uses the value-based input-output tables to calculate the price composition of products of means of production and means of consumption,so as to map the input-occupation-output of each industrial sector to produce the two "pure products " of means of production and means of consumption.This approach can be regarded as corresponding to the preparation of input-output tables using the indirect derivation method—UV table method.By respectively applying the sector technology assumption and the product technology assumption,a certain linear transformation is carried out on the broad input,that is,the price composition of the output of each industrial sector,converting it into the price composition of the two "pure products" of means of production and means of consumption.Given that the conclusion can be reached that "the price of a unit commodity of means of production and means of consumption is equal to its value",the different calculation results of the product price composition of the two "pure products" obtained under the two technical assumptions using input-output tables can all be regarded as the empirical research results of the theory of labor value.