利润的力量
安瓦尔·谢克,孙小雨,赵准
摘要(Abstract)：
本文认为资本主义受利润动机的支配,这带来了资本主义典型的循环再现的结构性模式。这种模式以一种动荡的方式表现自身,其中的秩序在"无序中并通过无序而建立"。新古典经济学关注这套制度的秩序,而非正统经济学则倾向于强调其无序。本文追溯了罗伯特·海尔布罗纳的著作。该著作始于一种受利润支配的资本主义视角,但随着时间的流逝,却转变为受国家调节的资本主义视角。本文还讨论了这种转变的政策含义。
关键词(KeyWords)： 利润;(循环再现的)结构性模式;思想史;罗伯特·海尔布罗纳
基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Author): 安瓦尔·谢克,孙小雨,赵准
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- (1)根据译者与谢克的邮件交流,这里所谓的即将来临的事情指未来几年里经济学院将废除经济思想史课程---译者注。
- (1)这里所表述的观点在我的新书《资本主义:竞争、冲突和危机》中更细节地展开[原文中的书名为The Economic Analysis and Advanced Capitalism,已由作者更正为出版了的新书名Capitalism:Competition,Conflict and Crisis(Oxford University Press,2016);该书中文版由赵准、李连波、孙小雨等译,将由中信出版社出版]。
- (1)债券价格和利息率仅仅是同一枚硬币的两面。因此如果套利调节前者,那么它也会调节后者。
- (1)新古典理论就劳动力市场所讲述的故事的秘密在于,实际工资被刻画为仅仅具有一种社会功能:一个用以市场出清的变量。一旦其他功能得到承认,那么即使在实际工资在响应劳动力市场不平衡的情况下,这种灵活性也不再足以保证充分就业(Shaikh,2003,sec.2)
- (1)中文转引自《就业、利息和货币通论》,徐毓枏译,商务印书馆,1988,第327页。
- (1)上述论点基于马克思的劳动力后备军理论,由几位学者发展而成。更多细节参见谢克(2003)。
- (2)正如谢克(2003)第3部分所阐述的,通过纳入政府支出和税率扩展谢克(2003)第4、第5部分的分析,可以清晰看出这一点。