保罗·特雷斯科特,李黎力,陈卓宇

• 1:中国人民大学经济学院
• 2:中国人民大学中国经济改革与发展研究院

摘要(Abstract)：

新中国成立之前,凯恩斯主义经济学在中国依次经历了传播、评估以及贡献三个阶段。新中国成立后,包括凯恩斯主义经济学在内的西方经济学一度成为批判的对象,当时中国经济政策背后的思想也不同于凯恩斯主义。这种情况在改革开放之后逐渐发生了改变。以凯恩斯主义经济学为代表的西方宏观经济学不仅席卷中国各大高校,而且对中国经济政策产生了影响。

关键词(KeyWords)： 凯恩斯主义;宏观经济学;中国

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目“我国外国经济思想史的学科史和学术史研究”(20XNA042)的阶段性成果

作者(Author): 保罗·特雷斯科特,李黎力,陈卓宇

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• (1)例如，在2002年，国家发展计划委员会主任曾培炎告诉记者，“中国将继续实施意在扩大国内需求的财政政策”(Hutzler and Wonacott,2002)。2003年，朱镕基总理说:“中国将依靠财政赤字和其他债务政策来刺激投资和消费需求”(Hutzler,2003)。
• (1)“1937~38学年燕京大学公共事务学院年报”(印刷版)，RG 1,601系列，23号箱，109号文件夹，洛克菲勒档案馆，第6页。林迈可的书从未出版。
• (1)亚当·斯密经济学院由袁贤能教授在1939年前后建立。袁贤能和其他主要教职员工都是南开大学的教授，在南开大学西迁的时候仍然留在了天津。它是一个主要指导西方经济学思想研究的教学机构，其中也包括对凯恩斯主义的研究。据陈国庆教授说，袁贤能是中国第一批教授凯恩斯主义的经济学家之一，还有杨端六教授和吴大业教授。来自陈国庆教授1993年10月1日给作者的一封信。陈国庆评述的文献包括凯恩斯的4篇在《通论》出版之后的文章和20多篇(西方)评论。
• (2)在评述了大量解释当前通货膨胀原因的文献后，作者认为其中大量文献毫无道理，赞扬了南开大学李卓敏的观点，“通货膨胀的核心在于政府通过增发钞票，实行扩张性财政政策导致的消费者收入的增加”(Tsui Shu-hsiang,1941:185)。李卓敏在1945年也用英文表述了这一观点。吴启元在1941年的文章中亦有表述。崔书香在威斯康星州和哈佛大学拉德克利夫学院完成研究生学业，是陈振汉的妻子。
• (1)吴启元提供了这一信息，他还提供了滕茂桐翻译凯恩斯的自传这一信息。
• (2)据吴启元(Wu Chi-yuen,1939,p. 57)所言，《通论》“对货币数量和就业量之间的关系给出了完美的阐述”。吴启元还认同凯恩斯的观点是在重商主义者的基础上发展而来的。1941年，吴启元发表了一篇绝妙的文章，概述了中国通货膨胀发生的过程。虽然其大部分是描述性内容，但它是根据交换方程式构建的。不过这篇文章并未提及凯恩斯(Wu Chi-yuen,1941)。
• (1)1945年3月13日，何廉给马歇尔·贝尔福(Marshall Balfour)的一封信，RG 1,601系列，52号箱，437号文件夹，洛克菲勒档案馆。
• (2)钱荣堃在伦敦政治经济学院学习并返回南开大学任教，直到20世纪90年代他仍活跃在南开大学(Nankai University,1991,pp.89-92)。陈振汉1940年在哈佛大学获得博士学位，回国后在南开大学任教。
• (3)关于方显廷的卓越学术生涯，可参见拙作(Trescott,2002)。他所引用的思想绝不仅仅是凯恩斯主义。方显廷对凯恩斯主义的研究很可能帮助他理解到了适当的发展性贷款有着潜在的自我融资属性这一传统观点的精髓。
• (1)吴乃群为我们翻译了桑恒康1942年和1943年的作品。桑恒康1947年在哈佛大学获得博士学位，在熊彼特的指导下完成了《资本形成机制》这一学位论文。他在国际联盟担任了很久的经济研究员。来自桑恒康的女儿克里斯汀·桑1999年12月26日与作者的通信。
• (2)这是我所找到的唯一一篇将《通论》中的观点如此直接地应用于通货膨胀的文章。请与他导师李卓敏1945年的文章相对比。
• (1)哈佛大学提供的一份摘录。方显廷1947年5月3日给罗杰·埃文斯(Roger Evans)的一封信，RG 1.1,601系列，51号箱，601S号文件夹，洛克菲勒档案馆。
• (1)他还曾在《经济学季刊》(Quarterly Journal of Economics)上发表了一篇名为《国民收入中的国际支付》的理论性文章(Ou Pao-san,1946b)。
• (2)关于这一点，可以在Eckstein、Galenson和Liu (1969,pp.89,174,178,341,359,387)中看到。
• (1)蒋硕杰在1948年移居台湾。蒋硕杰和刘大中是中国仅有的两位被写入第一版《经济学家名人录》(Blaug and Sturges,1983)的经济学家。
• (2)克莱因的这本书被翻译成中文并在1962年发表。浦山将他的名字简称为Pu Shan。他的两个兄弟也获得了哈佛大学博士学位。他们三个都回到中国。浦山是中国在朝鲜战争和平谈判中的主要谈判家。他之后在中国社会科学院工作。来自克莱因2004年对浦山生平和研究的综述。
• (1)“经济学家宣言”(1957年秋)的大部分内容都转引自马若德(Roderick MacF arquhar,1960,pp.117-120)。
• (1)如果罗志如对乘数效应和加速数原理非常熟悉，那他一定也很熟悉阐明了投资和储蓄之间动态过程的关于事前和事后的争论。
• (1)高鸿业在1980年翻译了《经济学》第十版的全部内容。之后，他又对凯恩斯的《通论》进行了重译，并在2002年出版。