激励与压力:医疗市场机制影响医生群体的两种路径Incentives and Pressures:Two Paths for the Medical Market Mechanism in Influencing Doctor Groups
许弘智
摘要(Abstract):
自中国改革开放以来,市场机制逐渐被引入公共医疗服务领域之中。而作为医疗服务的直接供给者,医生群体究竟是否因此受到激励,从而感到市场化能带来收入的增加与地位的提升?本研究基于一项针对医生的全国调查数据对此展开考察。与以往单一强调市场机制的激励效应等研究不同,本研究认为,医疗委托—代理过程中的市场机制对医生群体的影响同时存在激励与压力这两种路径。一方面,激励效应和压力传递在结构上具有不对称性,即两种路径作用于不同特征的医生,形成了群体上的分异。另一方面,压力传递路径具有来自医院组织的内部压力和来自患者的外部压力这两重维度,且内部—外部压力变量对医生地位的提升存在负向交互效应。此外,压力传递路径还具有层级积累效果,即相较于三甲医院,内部—外部压力变量更为显著地削减了非三甲医院医生对收入与地位水平提升的感受。研究结果揭示了医疗市场机制条件下医生群体的复杂工作状况和社会心态,为部分医生对市场化的不满提供了一个基于压力传递路径的解释。
关键词(KeyWords): 医疗市场化;医生群体;激励—压力结构;压力传递;潜类分析
基金项目(Foundation): 福建省社会科学规划项目(重大项目)“中国式现代化的本质要求研究”(项目编号:FJ2023Z002)的资助
作者(Author): 许弘智
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- (1)具体有三个测量问题:(1)我对以下说法的态度是:“医疗事业的市场化使得医患关系变差”,回答采用李克特量表,分为“完全不同意”到“完全同意”五级。(2)我对医患关系的总体评价,回答采用李克特量表,分为“非常紧张”到“非常和谐”五级。(3)我对五年内医患关系改善的预期,回答采用李克特量表,分为“非常不乐观”到“非常乐观”五级。