生命中的惊喜与经济学职业生涯的回顾:对美国著名经济学者鲍尔斯的访谈Surprises in Life and a Retrospect of the Career in Economics:An Interview with Renowned American Economist Samuel Bowles
高岭,胡宝瀛,唐昱茵
摘要(Abstract)：
鲍尔斯在政治经济学乃至整个经济学思想史中,具有举足轻重的学术地位。本文通过对鲍尔斯的深度访谈,回顾了鲍尔斯的充满传奇色彩的人生经历和学术生涯。我们发现,第一,在学术生涯早期,鲍尔斯的经济学研究与左翼政治活动密切相关,这是他对马克思主义经济学感兴趣的一个重要原因。第二,鲍尔斯对新古典经济学的认识有一个变化过程。最初是因为对传统的新古典经济学和资本主义现实之间脱节的不满,鲍尔斯转向马克思主义经济学研究,但他并未真正放弃新古典经济学。通过与阿罗和森等非典型新古典经济学家,特别是班纳吉、迪弗洛和皮凯蒂等新生代学者的交流,鲍尔斯认为主流经济学已经发生了向好的变化。第三,鲍尔斯对马克思主义经济学有一种复杂的感情。人生经历和特定阶段的兴趣驱使鲍尔斯做了将近30年的马克思主义经济学研究,而后转向了行为经济学研究。除了兴趣,这个转向一方面是因为鲍尔斯对他曾经参与过的激进政治经济学同盟坚持偏狭的原教旨马克思主义范式有所不满,另一方面是因为鲍尔斯看到了包括已经革新的主流经济学在内的非马克思主义经济学的知识价值。即使鲍尔斯转向了行为经济学,他还在探索历史唯物主义相关命题的量化研究。因此,所谓的转向,不过是鲍尔斯在践行他倡导的经济学多元主义。纵观鲍尔斯的职业生涯,他所关注的问题始终是财富不平等和交换关系中的权力与偏好的内生性,这两个核心论题贯穿了鲍尔斯的整个研究历程。
关键词(KeyWords)： 鲍尔斯;马克思主义经济学;新古典经济学;行为经济学;经济学多元主义
基金项目(Foundation): 教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目:马克思主义政治经济学视角的国家理论演进及其当代意义研究(21YJC790033)的阶段性成果
作者(Author): 高岭,胡宝瀛,唐昱茵
参考文献(References)：
- 高岭,唐昱茵,卢荻.2022.背叛者还是创新者:透过鲍尔斯看国外马克思主义经济学的发展方向[J].教学与研究,(10):106-121.GAO L,TANG Y Y,LU D.2022.A betrayer or innovator:Investigating the development of foreign Marxist economics through the work of Bowles[J].Teaching and Research,(10):106-121.(in Chinese)
- 杨虎涛.2016.经济学多元主义:历史、主旨和中国意义[J].中国社会科学评价,(1):36-41.YANG H T.2016.Pluralism in economics:History,main idea and its significance to China[J].China Social Science Review,(1):36-41.(in Chinese)
- BOGAARD A,FOCHESATO M,BOWLES S.2019.The farming-inequality nexus:New insights from ancient Western Eurasia[J].Antiquity,93(371):1129-1143.
- BOWLES S.1985.The production process in a competitive economy:Walrasian,neoHobbesian,and Marxian models[J].The American Economic Review,75(1):16-36.
- BOWLES S.1998.Endogenous preferences:The cultural consequences of markets and other economic institutions[J].Journal of Economic Literature,36(1):75-111.
- BOWLES S,CHOI J K.2013.Coevolution of farming and private property during the early Holocene[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,110(22):8830-8835.
- BOWLES S,CHOI J K,HOPFENSITZ A.2003.The co-evolution of individual behaviors and social institutions[J].Journal of Theoretical Biology,223(2):135-147.
- BOWLES S,CHOI J K.2013.Coevolution of farming and private property during the early Holocene[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,110(22):8830-8835.
- BOWLES S,CARLIN W.(2020-05-13)[2023-02-01].The coming battle for the COVID-19 narrative[EB/OL].https://santafe.edu/events/action-coming-battlecovid-19-narrative.
- BOWLES S,HALLIDAY S D.2022.Microeconomics:Competition,conflict,and coordination[M].New York:Oxford University Press.
- BOWLES S.1985.The production process in a competitive economy:Walrasian,neoHobbesian,and Marxian models[J].American Economic Review,75(1):16-36.
- BOWLES S.1998.Endogenous preferences:The cultural consequences of markets and other economic institutions[J].Journal of Economic Literature,36(1):75-111.
- CARLIN W,BOWLES S.(2020-04-10).The coming battle for the COVID-19 narrative[EB/OL].http://behavioralscientist.org/selected-links-the-behavioral-science-ofthe-coronavirus-covid-19/?fbclid=Iw AR0JhO0VE1HDaTHy8Ibr31zLq1UslkpO4CRAMkP_QfmmUTF_GVQ3Yv2Bkwss
- GINTIS H,BOWLES S.1981.Structure and practice in the labor theory of value[J].Review of Radical Political Economics,12(4):1-26.
- SCHMELZ K,BOWLES S.2021.Overcoming COVID-19 vaccination resistance when alternative policies affect the dynamics of conformism,social norms,and crowding out[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,118(25):e2104912118.
- SCHMELZ K,BOWLES S.2022.Opposition to voluntary and mandated COVID-19vaccination as a dynamic process:Evidence and policy implications of changing beliefs[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,119(13):e2118721119.
- SHAPIRO C,STIGLITZ J E.1984.Equilibrium unemployment as a worker discipline device[J].The American Economic Review,74(3):433-444.
- (1)此四个部分的标题为我们根据访谈内容自行添加,本次访谈内容的公开和发表已经征得鲍尔斯本人的同意。